Seasonal undernutrition in rural Ethiopia: magnitude, correlates, and functional significance.

List of Tables iv List of Figures v Foreword vi Acknowledgments vii Summary viii 1. Research Questions and Motivation for Policy Analysis 1 2. Contents 3.1 Average total number of person-days worked by household members in the production of the main meher harvest, 1991 15 3.2 Time spent by household members on post-harvest activities, livestock activities, and non-farm activities (average total hours per month) 16 3.3 Change in anthropometric status of southern Shewan adults and children from post-harvest 1990 to pre-harvest 1991 22 4.1 Body size and composition of undernourished and adequately nourished adults, Zigwa Boto, 1996 27 4.2 Ordinary least squares estimates of correlates of body mass index, Zigwa Boto, 1996 28 4.3 Physiological correlates of undernutrition in adults, Zigwa Boto, 1996 30 4.4 Ordinary least squares estimates of the correlates of maximal oxygen consumption and maximum grip strength 32 5.1 Mean change in anthropometric status of southern Shewan adults and children, by quintiles of household per capita income and assets 40 5.2 Estimated multinomial logit model for chronic and seasonal undernutrition and improvement of nutritional status against the trend, compared with 300 individuals with adequate body mass index both post-and pre-harvest, southern Shewa, 1990–91 43 5.3 Estimated multinomial logit model for chronic and seasonal wasting and improvement of weight-for-height against the trend, compared with 272 preschool children with adequate weight-for-height both post-and pre-harvest, southern Shewa, 1990–91 47 5.4 Association between the nutritional status of the most undernourished child in the family and the body mass index group of his/her mother and father, southern Shewa, post-harvest 1990 50 5.5 Association between the direction of seasonal change in child anthropometric status and the direction of change in their parents' body mass index, southern Shewa, post-harvest 1990 to pre-harvest 1991 51 A.1 Anthropometric cutoff points for children 62 iv Tables 2.1 Map of south central Ethiopia, showing medium-term drought risk by awraja 7 3.1 Southern Shewa surveys: Timeline 13 3.2 Household energy availability, southern Shewa 14 3.3 Frequency of diarrhea in children under 5 17 3.4 Body mass index of men aged 22–49, southern Shewa 18 3.5 Body mass index of non-pregnant women aged 22–49, southern Shewa 18 3.6 Weight-for-height Z-scores of boys under 5, southern Shewa 19 3.7 Weight-for-height Z-scores of girls under 5, southern Shewa 20 4.1 Sensitivity and speciµcity of different body mass index cutoffs for the prediction of compromised capacity for work (VO 2 max < 1.90 …